Detection of microorganisms in liquid samples containing more than one colony-forming units per ml. Descriptors: pour plate technique, plating technique, growth medium.

It is necessary to use EBC Microbiology 2.3.1

This Guide lists the sampling methods, analysis techniques and confirmatory tests which are associated with the following topical areas: 1) brewing materials - Barley & Malt; 2) Brewing Materials: Additives and Adjuncts; 3) Brewing Materials: Process Gases; 4) Brewing Materials: Brewers' grains; 5) Brewing Materials: Water; 6) Wort; 7) Yeast: Storage, Supply and Propagation; 8) Yeast: Physiology and Characterisation 9) Yeast: Propagation and Yeast during fermentation; 10) Yeast: Detection of Contaminants; 11) Beer in process: samples containing yeasts (fermentation, green beer, cask beer, etc) - Detection of contaminants; 12) Beer in process: bright beer and recovered beer - detection of contaminants; 13) Beer in Package: keg and cask; 14) Beer in Package: can and bottle; 15) Brewery Hygiene Monitoring

This document lays down the principles of microbiology with an emphasis on beer-related microbiology. It contains the following chapters and sub-chapters: 1) Principles of Microbiology; 2) Brewery microbiology; 2.1) Classification of microorganisms; 2.2) The microflora of barley, malt and beer; 3) Controlling Brewery Hygiene; 4) Yeast Microbiology; 4.1) Geenral description of yeasts; 4.2) Brewers' yeast: saccharomyces pastorianus and saccharomyces cerevisia; 4.3) wild yeasts; 5) Bacteria; 5.1) General description of bacteria; 5.2) Gram-positive spoilage bacteria; 5.3) Gram-negative spoilage bacteria; 6) Moulds; 7) Literature

Aseptic sampling from tanks and pipelines through valve type samplers.

On line membrane filtration to collect oxygen tolerant microorganisms from a standardised, limited volume or through a bypass for a certain time. Descriptors: filterable liquid samples, membrane filter, pore size

Aseptic sampling without losing CO2. Descriptors: Counterpressure Sampling, shelf life of bulk beer.

It is necessary to use EBC Microbiology 2.2.1.2

Collection of samples for the determination of the number of brewers' yeast cells (i.e. for an analysis of physical rather than microbiological characteristics). Descriptors: Sampling for Yeast Cell Counts, Copper sulphate

Aseptic sampling from the top of an open vessel. Descriptors: sampling of thick pitching yeast

Aseptic sampling of thick yeast from a tank. Descriptors: sampling of thick pitching yeast from closed vessels, diaphragm, valve, sample cock.

It is necessary to use EBC Microbiology 2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.3 and 2.2.1.1

Aseptic collection of dry yeast samples.

Aseptic sampling of water from existing taps. Descriptors: raw water, processed water

Sampling from wells where no tap exists. Descriptors: raw water.

A laboratory method for sterilisation of materials which can withstand moist heat. Descriptors: autoclaving, autoclave

A laboratory method for sterilisation of media with constituents which will decompose if exposed to temperatures above 100 °C. Descriptors: intermittent sterilisation (tyndallisation), bacterial spores, steam chamber.

It is necessary to use EBC Microbiology 2.1.2

A general method for stabilising fluids like media, beer or wort which should not be exposed to temperatures above 100 °C in tightly closed vessels. Descriptors: pasteurisation, kill microorganisms by heat, Pasteurisation Units, tunnel pasteuriser for bottled beer, PU.

It is necessary to use EBC Microbiology 2.1.2

A laboratory method for the sterilisation of large volumes of heat sensitive liquids. The liquid must not contain particles which block the pores of the membrane. Descriptors: sterile filtration, removal of microorganisms, pore size, pressure filtration, vacuum filtration.

Descriptors: hygienic sampling, secondary contamination, microbiological sampling, flaming, steaming, rinsing with alcohol.

Aseptic sampling from tanks or pipelines through rubber diaphragms. Descriptors: hypodermic needle, safest of all methods with regard to aseptic sampling, sample fitting.

Aseptic sampling from tanks or pipelines through plug type sample cocks.

A laboratory method for the sterilisation of utensils which should be kept dry and are resistant to high temperature. Descriptors: dry heat sterilisation, hot dry air